Andrew Chick Ecology

While the UK is a key wintering destination for migratory barnacle geese from Arctic regions like Svalbard, Greenland, and Russia, there is also a growing population of naturalised barnacle geese. These birds have established themselves in the UK year-round, living and breeding without undertaking the long migrations of their Arctic relatives.

The naturalised population of barnacle geese in the UK likely originated from escapees from ornamental collections and waterfowl parks, where barnacle geese have long been kept for their striking appearance. Over time, some of these escapees adapted to local conditions, forming self-sustaining populations.

This photo, taken on 17th November 2024 shows H49, a naturalised barnacle geese seen on the Solway Firth with wild barnacle geese but was ringed on Loch Leven in summer 2024 (c) Andrew P. Chick

Where Are They Found?

Naturalised barnacle geese are found in scattered locations across the UK. Notable areas include:

• The Outer Hebrides: Some populations have established themselves on islands like South Uist.
• Southern and Central England: Breeding colonies have been reported in parks and nature reserves.
• Lowland Scotland: Various water bodies and marshlands host small flocks.

How Do They Differ From Migratory Populations?

1. Non-Migratory: Naturalised barnacle geese generally remain in the UK throughout the year, unlike the migratory birds that arrive in autumn and leave in spring.
2. Behavior: They are more habituated to human activity and often seen in urban or semi-urban areas.
3. Genetics: Though visually similar to their Arctic counterparts, naturalised populations may exhibit minor genetic differences due to their localized breeding.

Conservation and Impact

Naturalised barnacle geese are not considered native to the UK and are sometimes classified as an introduced species. However, they have not shown significant ecological impacts or competition with native wildlife. Conservation efforts focus primarily on the migratory populations, as naturalised barnacle geese are less vulnerable to environmental threats.

A Unique Example of Adaptation

The naturalised barnacle geese in the UK highlight the adaptability of this species. From their origins in Arctic tundra to becoming residents of the British Isles, they demonstrate how wildlife can establish itself in new environments when given the opportunity.

Whether part of a naturalised group or a visiting flock from Svalbard, barnacle geese are a fascinating feature of the UK’s avian landscape.